117 questions from the Configuring Applications for Collaboration domain of the ServiceNow Certified System Administrator (CSA) exam, each with its answer and an explanation. Read them through as revision, then sit the full practice exam to test yourself on them under multiple-choice conditions.
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A formatter is a form element used to display information that is not a field in the record. Formatters are added to a form by configuring the form.
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A gauge is not a list interface element; it is a container for graphical content on dashboards and homepages, and gauges are no longer supported.
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ServiceNow uses its SMTP server to process outbound email to users. Messages leave the ServiceNow datacenter as standard SMTP traffic routed to the organization's primary mail exchanger (MX) server.
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Inactivity monitors track tasks that have not been updated within a specified timeframe and act on them, so tasks are not lost or forgotten.
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An SLA definition uses Start, Pause and Stop conditions to define the SLA lifecycle. Hold, Halt and Begin are not valid SLA condition names, and In Progress is a task state rather than an SLA condition.
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My Groups Work List only shows tasks assigned to groups the logged-in user belongs to. Overseeing a group is not enough; the manager field and the ITIL role do not control this visibility.
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The default ITIL homepage includes Users by Location, Open Items by Escalation, My Groups Work (outstanding work for your group not yet assigned to an individual), My Work, and ITIL Summary Counts. These reports link directly to the relevant records and tables.
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The Sidebar lets agents create or join discussions tied to their tasks and collaborate in real time from within a record. It does not integrate records across Workspaces, handle caller communication, or provide broadcast/conferencing.
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Dot-walking accesses fields on referenced records across related tables, for example reaching user.email from an incident. Table-Walking and Record-Hopping are not real ServiceNow terms, and pulling sys_ids does not give field-level data across tables.
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A task is the fundamental record type representing work: created, worked on, and eventually closed. Incidents, problems, changes and service requests all extend the task table. Workflows automate the process, reports visualize data, and events are notification triggers.
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In Agent Workspace the Sidebar provides collaboration features, letting agents start group discussions directly from task- or interaction-based records without leaving context. The Help menu offers documentation, Connect is the older chat framework, and Virtual Agent serves end-user self-service.
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The list editor allows editing field values directly from a list without navigating to a form.
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The condition builder format works as Field > Operator > Value.
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Each column in a list corresponds to a field in the underlying table, representing a single piece of data such as sys_id, created_on, or priority. A record is a row, not a column, and relationships/attributes describe other concepts.
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The Flexible VTB type allows creating tasks of any type and freely adding or removing cards and lanes, designed for personal organization with maximum customization.
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Analytics Q&A lets users ask natural language questions about data, trends and process health using NLP, without needing complex reporting or scripting.
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The List Editor allows inline editing of fields directly in a list view, and users can select multiple rows to update the same field value across them simultaneously, avoiding the need to open each record's form.
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Performance Analytics (PA) provides snapshots of data at points in time, trend analysis over time, and forecasting capabilities to project future performance — meeting all three requirements in one integrated solution.
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A filter restricts what records appear in a list by providing a set of conditions each record must meet to be included.
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Templates simplify submitting new records by automatically populating fields.
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Each Service Request generates one or more Requested Items (sc_req_item), and fulfillment status is tracked at that level rather than on the Request header or the Catalog Item definition table.
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Data lookup rules, assignment rules, and business rules (along with predictive intelligence) can auto-assign new Hardware category incidents to a group. Execution order: before business rules under order 1000, before engines including assignment rules, after engines including data lookup rules, then before business rules at or above order 1000, then after business rules.
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The Process Flow Formatter visually displays a record's progress through a linear sequence of stages. The Approval Summarizer shows approval info, and Parent Breadcrumbs shows hierarchical navigation, not linear stages.
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The Activity section displays the complete chronological history of updates, comments, and work notes on a task.
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Right-clicking on a column in a task list and choosing "Show Visual Task Board" switches the view into a Kanban-style board; the gear icons and list header do not offer this option.
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Save keeps the user on the current record form after saving, while Update commits changes and returns the user to the previously viewed record (e.g., a list). Both apply the same input validations.
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The itil role covers users working on IT service management processes and is the minimum requirement for accessing My Work and My Group Work modules, which display tasks tied to these ITIL processes.
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Work Notes are internal, visible only to fulfillers, used for internal collaboration. Additional Comments are visible to both fulfillers and the customer/requester, keeping them informed. Both are stored in the activity history.
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Related Lists display records from other tables related to the current record, e.g. Tasks or Change Requests linked to an Incident — the standard way to visualize relationships on a form.
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Assignment rules support scripting in the Advanced condition field, allowing custom GlideRecord queries or scripts for complex logic beyond basic field matching.
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By default, lists are sorted first by the order field, then number, then name, ensuring a logical sequence with number and name as secondary sort keys.
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The Record view is where agents work directly on issues, providing detailed record info, related lists, activity streams, and contextual resolution suggestions, plus communication with requesters.
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The funnel icon on the task form lets users directly filter which activity types (emails, comments, work notes, etc.) appear in the Activity section, without needing administrative configuration.
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The Column Context Menu provides configuration options for lists such as column order, visibility, and layout, unlike the Record Context Menu (individual record actions) or List Context Menu (filtering/exporting the list as a whole).
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The Analytics Center is the unified entry point in the Platform Analytics Workspace, consolidating dashboards, visualizations, analytics answers, and insights into a single page.
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A list can have multiple views with different column configurations and filters, e.g. a detailed view for admins versus a simplified view for end users.
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The activity stream inline editor lets users quickly add comments directly from the list view or activity stream without opening each task record individually, improving productivity.
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Task records have both an Assignment Group field and an Assigned To field, allowing tracking at the group level while delegating execution to a specific person.
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The Activity Stream is categorized as a formatter — a UI element that shows journal entries like comments and work notes directly on a record.
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Lists show records from a table; tables store the data, forms show a single record's data, and modules are containers for groups of relevant links.
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A Pareto chart combines bars for individual values (typically descending) with an overlaid line showing the cumulative total, visually depicting the 80/20 rule.
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A view defines the elements that appear on a form or list, and users can switch views from the default for both.
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Dot-walking builds a chain of field names separated by dots to gather info across referenced tables, e.g. incident.assigned_to.manager, recommended limit of three levels.
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There is no limit to the number of templates a user can create or access for a form.
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Notifications are made subscribable by explicitly selecting the Subscribable checkbox; they are not subscribable by default, and personalization/privacy settings do not control this.
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Right-clicking a list directly offers Bar chart and Pie chart creation. Line, Area, Donut, and Bubble charts require reporting tools or widgets rather than the list right-click menu.
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The three main types are SLA (Service Level Agreement, between provider and internal customers), OLA (Operational Level Agreement, between internal IT teams), and UC (Underpinning Contract, with external vendors).
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Inbound actions process incoming emails to extract information, modify existing records, and create new records. They cannot directly schedule a job.
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Notifications can be triggered just like business rules when a record is inserted or updated, sending alerts based on specific criteria.
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SLM (Service Level Management) is a core ServiceNow functionality that helps define, track, and report on the quality of IT services delivered, via SLAs.
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The order field determines display sequence and can be modified directly; the gear icon (Personalize List/Form Layout) also allows adjusting the sort sequence for a user's view.
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The Type Field explicitly captures the specific agreement type (SLA, OLA, or UC), allowing the system to differentiate between them.
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Sections in ServiceNow forms are specifically designed to group related fields together for logical organization within a form.
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Form layout can be configured to have multiple columns within a single section without needing to split the form layout itself.
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When both the email notification record and the notification template contain a subject, the subject defined in the email notification takes precedence.
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Inbound actions can send email notifications when conditions are met, and can modify existing records (e.g., an inbound email updating an incident record or changing its state).
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A ServiceNow event acts as a trigger for various actions within the platform, such as executing business rules, client scripts, workflows, and other automated processes. Events can be generated by user actions, system processes, or external integrations.
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SLA actions can be configured to trigger at any point in the SLA lifecycle - when SLA starts, while in progress, at warning thresholds, on breach, or on completion.
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End users can personalize list layouts to suit individual preferences, customizing displayed columns, sort order, and other settings.
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While the Form Context Menu provides various actions and options related to the current form, it does not offer a graphical representation of related tables.
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When the list layout is reset globally, it applies to all users and overrides any personal preferences they may have set, enforcing a standardized view.
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Breach time represents when the SLA will be violated, while Planned end time is calculated based on the SLA schedule and pause conditions - these are distinct fields.
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The personalize_list role grants users the ability to customize list views by adding, removing, and reordering columns, and adjusting layout and filters.
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Retroactive start allows an SLA to begin at a specific condition or timestamp rather than the record's creation time, useful when the SLA should reflect a business milestone.
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Users can enable/disable notification channels, manage their own notification channels, and create custom notifications via subscriptions with conditions. They cannot set global preferences for all users or manage system-level notifications - those are admin functions.
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'Split' is not a recognized ServiceNow field type, unlike Duration, Script, and Suggestion.
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SLAs, OLAs, and Underpinning Contracts are all created and managed within the Service Level Management module.
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All four statements accurately describe how ServiceNow metrics gather, measure, define, and evaluate ITSM process data over time.
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Referenced fields are marked with a reference lookup icon (magnifying glass) that lets users search the related table.
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Tags let users categorize, flag, and later locate records across the platform.
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Form personalization lets users hide many optional fields, but Mandatory fields cannot be hidden since they must always be completed.
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An Underpinning Contract (UC) is the formal agreement used to define and monitor service guarantees with an external supplier.
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An SLA's Pause condition is flexible and can be configured against any field on the task record, not limited to a specific predefined state.
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The full set of SLA-related components in ServiceNow includes SLA Definition, Task SLA, SLA Workflow, SLA Automation, and SLA Conditions.
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Assignment lookup rules, which auto-assign tasks based on conditions, are created under System Policy > Rules > Assignments Lookup Rules.
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Assignment rules that automatically route tasks are created under System Policy > Rules > Assignments.
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System Policy > Events > Event Log is the designated location to view a comprehensive list of triggered events for troubleshooting and auditing.
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ServiceNow notifications can be configured to target individual users, groups, or a combination of both, offering flexible communication options.
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Users can right-click an approval request record directly in a list view and choose Approve or Reject without opening the full form.
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Related lists only display once the parent record exists in the database, since they show records related to that specific saved record.
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Visual Task Boards, which let users organize and track tasks visually, are created and managed under Self-Service > Visual Task Boards.
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A Scheduled Report automatically runs at a defined frequency and emails the output (CSV, XLS, PNG, or PDF) to recipients, ideal for recurring monthly reports.
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Performance Analytics captures periodic snapshots of data over time to support trend analysis, while standard Reporting only reflects a point-in-time view of the data when the report is generated.
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The Breadcrumb is the clickable text string at the top of a list view showing the currently applied filter conditions.
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The Update Selected action lets you bulk-edit a field across selected list records, and the List Editor allows inline editing of multiple records directly in a list view.
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The task_sla table stores Task SLA records tracking SLA instances attached to specific tasks.
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New email notification templates are created via System Notification > Email > Notifications.
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The Operator component of a filter condition (e.g., is, is not, greater than, starts with) is always presented as a choice list based on the field's data type.
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To change the default list layout for all users, right-click a column header and select Configure > List Layout. The other options configure personalized, user-specific list views, not the global default.
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A field is the element used in filter conditions — it is tied to a table, respects user access rights, and represents a column on that table.
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The Event Log contains actual generated event records, while the Event Registry is a table of event definitions used to configure what events can trigger notifications, alerts, and other actions.
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Natural Language Query (NLQ) translates natural language input into GlideRecord queries, rendering them into an executable structured format (such as JSON) or a visual definition as the response.
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Tags can be visible to any user (Everyone/global), visible only to specific groups or users (Groups and Users/shared), or visible to a single user (Me/private).
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Assignment Rules automatically set the assigned_to and assignment_group fields when a set of conditions is met. To run, the record must be newly created/updated (not just an unsaved form change), currently unassigned, and match the first (lowest order) applicable rule.
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Right-clicking a field value and selecting Show Matching adds a condition (e.g., Category = Software) as the most specific condition of the filter, so only matching records — those with the Software category — remain visible in the list.
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Every notification needs defined content, recipients, and the conditions/events under which it's triggered. Handling inactive accounts is an administrative task unrelated to notifications, and notifications aren't tied to a knowledge base.
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Filter Out removes records matching the selected value from the current list view, so incidents categorized as Hardware are excluded, letting the user focus on other categories. It doesn't open a new window — it simply modifies the current list.
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The More Options (ellipsis) menu in the form header provides access to additional actions including form templates. The Stamp icon relates to approvals/workflow actions, the Paperclip is for attaching files, and Pages relates to navigation/related lists, not templates.
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Dot Walking lets you traverse relationships (e.g., from Incident to its Assignment Group's fields) to include related table data as columns in a report, via the Configure/Choose columns section.
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Configure Label directly changes the field's displayed label on the form. Configure Dictionary can also modify the label at the field/dictionary level, potentially reflecting the change across all uses of that field. Configure Display Settings relates to how data itself is formatted, and Configure Column manages list view columns, not form field labels.
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The Data section is where you choose the data source (table) for the report and specify the report name. Design covers visual layout/chart type, Configure covers report-type-specific settings, and Style covers appearance details like titles/legends/fonts.
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Notifications are the feature specifically designed to inform users about activities/updates based on event triggers (record changes, scheduled times, workflow actions), delivered via email, SMS, or internal messaging. Events are the triggers themselves, Business Rules can trigger notifications but aren't notifications, Alerts and Texts are narrower or delivery-channel-specific concepts.
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Clicking Run shows the report's results without saving the changes; clicking Save runs the report and saves the changes.
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The activity stream provides a real-time feed of updates to records assigned to the user, including customer replies and record changes, all from a centralized location. Opening a tab per record is impractical, the Monitor frame isn't designed for live update feeds by default, and dashboards give an overview rather than real-time per-record updates.
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Add and New both let you create a new record associated with the parent record, and Edit lets you modify an existing related record. Publish is specific to certain modules rather than a universal related-list button, and Manage is a broader term not consistently tied to add/edit/delete actions on related lists.
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The contract_sla table holds SLA definitions, including the rules/criteria for when an SLA should apply. task_sla stores individual SLA records applied to specific tasks (tracking progress), and 'sla_condition_class_list' isn't a standard ServiceNow table.
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The List control is the primary mechanism for customizing list views — choosing displayed fields, reordering/resizing columns, and saving custom views. The Grid control is more about the visual representation and basic sort/filter interactions, not deep customization.
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Priority is calculated from Impact and Urgency by the priority data lookup rules, so the user does not enter it directly. Impact and Urgency are the inputs; neither is derived from Priority.
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Dashboards bring reports and Performance Analytics widgets together on one page, so you can tell a story with your data and share it with other users and groups. Formatters display non-field information on forms, and field values and task tables are data, not a way to present it.
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Events are queued by server-side logic. Business rules (and other server scripts) call gs.eventQueue(), and workflows can queue an event with the Create Event activity. Client scripts and UI Macros run in the browser or render UI, so they cannot add events to the event queue directly.
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The Schedule on an SLA definition sets which hours and days count toward the SLA, such as 8 to 5 on weekdays excluding holidays. The Duration is how long the SLA runs within that schedule, and the Type only classifies the definition as an SLA, OLA or Underpinning Contract.
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Performance Analytics collects scores for indicators (KPIs) at regular intervals, stores them as snapshots, and shows how they trend over time on scorecards and dashboards. Workflow versions, update sets and Task SLA records do not aggregate data over time.
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Configure > List Layout changes the default layout of the list, which applies to all users. Changing the columns from the list's gear icon only personalizes the layout for the logged-in user.
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Common notification content is written once and reused across channels, so the message stays consistent and only needs to be maintained in one place. The other options are not the feature for sharing content between channels.
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Function fields calculate a value for a report from other fields, using functions for arithmetic, coalesce, concatenation and length. The report can then group, sort or display that value like any other field. Calculation fields and sourcing fields are not report features.
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The dashboard_admin role grants full control over every dashboard on the instance, including viewing, editing, deleting and sharing. report_admin manages reports, and the other roles do not give full control of all dashboards.
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All four are report types in the report designer: a Pareto chart shows values as bars with a cumulative line, a line chart shows trends over time, a donut shows proportions of a whole, and a list shows records in a table.